Resistance Groups in Hall in Tirol (1938 - 1945)

Caption:

A burning match as a symbol of resistance in Hall in Tirol. In the resistance group led by Anton Haller, a matchstick served as a covert sign of recognition. Members would meet in public places such as cafés or inns. The person seeking contact would sit at a table and place a box of matches visibly in front of them. If they took out a match without smoking and broke it in half, the other would respond with the phrase:
“Why are you wasting perfectly good matches?”
This seemingly trivial exchange confirmed the right contact — a silent gesture of courage in the face of dictatorship.

1. Political Groups – Parties in Hall in Tyrol

During the National Socialist era, several courageous groups in Hall in Tirol stood up against the regime. Though they were driven by different worldviews – monarchist, socialist-communist, or Christian – they were united by a common resolve not to remain silent in the face of injustice. This section presents three key resistance circles: the monarchist circle of local figures, the socialist-communist group, and the resistance group surrounding Anton Haller and Dr. Viktor Schumacher.

1.1 Resistance group Anton Haller 

Hall in Tirol, a town shaped by salt, minting, and history, was also a place of quiet resistance during the Nazi era. Around the master shoemaker Anton Haller, brave women and men gathered to oppose the regime's injustice. By aiding the persecuted, spreading forbidden news, and preparing for a free future, they set a sign of humanity.
This website is dedicated to their legacy. Immerse yourself in the local history of resistance and learn the names and fates of those who fought for our freedom today.

Blog 40 Resistance group Anton Haller

Blog (EN) 41 Dr. med. Viktor Schumacher (1894-1981)

Blog (EN) 42 Dr. Ernst Verdross (1892-1963)

Blog (EN) 43 Anton Dosch (1914-1979)

Blog (EN) 44 Captain Johann Baumgartner (1896-1958)

Blog (EN) 46 Anton Walder (1913-1985)

Blog (EN) 48 Dr. Manfred Mumelter (1885-1965)

Blog (EN) 70 Anton Demanega (1910-1987)

1.2 Socialist-communist resistance group

Their struggle for democracy and social justice began long before 1938. Already banned in 1934, the socialist-communist resistance group in Hall in Tirol fought from 1934/35 onward from the underground against the authoritarian system of the "Vaterländische Front" (Fatherland Front). This early experience in clandestine struggle became a decisive resource when National Socialist rule began in 1938. Operating from within illegality, the group offered resistance from the very start and united its forces in 1940 with the movement around Anton Haller.

Blog 39 Socialist-communist resistance group

Blog 111 Franz Rudolf Hüttenberger (1884-1966)

Blog 113 Johann Bauer

Blog 114 Adam Steidl

Blog 115 Johann Oberleitner

1. 3 Monarchist-Legitimist Resistance in Hall in Tyrol

In the history of the resistance against the Nazi regime in Tyrol, Count Bernhard Stolberg zu Stolberg (1881–1952) stands as a remarkable figure. A member of the high aristocracy, he consciously chose Austria and courageously opposed Nazi ideology, which he deemed incompatible with his Catholic faith. His home at Bruckergasse 15 in Hall in Tirol became the secret meeting point for a monarchist resistance circle.

Blog 38 Monarchist-Legitimist Resistance in Hall in Tyrol

Blog (EN) 150 Count Bernhard Stolberg-Stolberg (1881–1952)

Blog (EN) 159 Student Karl Pfötscher (1919-1982)

Blog (EN) 136 Josef Pöschl (1898–1965)

Blog (EN) Dr. jur. Paul von Kathrein (1878-1962)

2. Student Resistance against National Socialism

During the Nazi dictatorship, students and student associations resisted the regime in various ways – sometimes as individuals, sometimes in organized groups. Some, like the members of the White Rose, risked their lives by distributing anti-Nazi leaflets and staging public protests. Others, such as opposition-minded members of the fraternities Sternkoronaor Nibelungen in Hall in Tyrol, resisted collectively through critical discussions, assistance to persecuted individuals, or by consciously refusing to conform to Nazi ideology.
The National Socialists responded to such acts of defiance with brutal repression: many student resistance fighters were arrested, tortured, executed, or deported to concentration camps. Their courage demonstrates that determined opposition to a regime of injustice was possible even within academic circles – and remains a powerful testimony to civic responsibility.

Blog K.ö.ST.V. Nibelungia MKV Hall in Tirol

Blog (EN) Dr. Matthias Pahle Nibelungia Hall in Tyrol

Blog Sternkorona I

Blog Sternkorona II

Blog Sternkorona III

Blog Sternkorona IV

3. Resistance Group  Dipl. Ing. Anton v. Hradetzky in Innsbruck/Hall

The resistance group surrounding Dipl.-Ing. Anton v. Hradetzky emerged in the Innsbruck and Hall in Tirol region and consisted of former senior civil servants, legal experts, engineers, and intellectuals—many of whom had held leading roles before 1938. After Austria's annexation by Nazi Germany, several members were dismissed from public service or imprisoned. Their resistance took the form of intellectual and organizational opposition: through regular meetings, they developed ideas for Austria’s democratic renewal. In the final days of the war, the group took active steps to secure a peaceful transition of administrative power in Tyrol.

Blog 68 Widerstandsgruppe Dipl. Ing. Anton v. Hradetzky

4. Resistance Group at the Post and Military Registration Office in Innsbruck

During the National Socialist dictatorship, a courageous resistance group formed in Innsbruck among employees of the post office and the military registration office. These individuals used their professional positions to pass on information, maintain contact with other opponents of the regime, and, in some cases, support acts of sabotage. Their quiet but determined resistance against the Nazi regime demonstrates that civil courage was possible even within the tightly controlled administrative system—often at the risk of their own lives.

Blog Anton Walder Widerstandsgruppe Post

Blog (EN) 135 Martin Berger Resistance group post Innsbruck

Blog (EN) 136 Josef Pöschl Resistance Group Post Innsbruck

Blog Anton Walder Widerstandsgruppe Wehrmeldeamt

(EN) Blog 46 Anton Walder Hall in Tyrol

Blog (EN) Fritz Würthle Innsbruck

Blog (EN) 122 Dr. Friedrich Punt - Resistance Military Registration Office Innsbruck

Blog (EN) 168 The Würthle group in Innsbruck/Tyrol

5. ​Oskar Görz: Military Resistance Through Systematic Sabotage

Oskar Görz waged a unique and highly effective campaign of resistance from within the Wehrmacht itself. As a soldier and later as a clerk in the orderly room, he used his bureaucratic position to systematically undermine the military machinery of the Nazi regime.

His methods:

·       Systematic issuance of forged leave and transfer documents.
·       Deliberate weakening of units by removing soldiers, often in coordination with partisan groups.
·       Building a network of like-minded individuals within and outside the Wehrmacht.

His impact:

Görz's actions saved hundreds of soldiers from frontline deployment, significantly weakened the combat strength of his units, and laid crucial groundwork for the orderly surrender of Innsbruck in May 1945. His resistance demonstrates that even in seemingly subordinate positions, courage, cunning, and organization could make a substantial contribution to the fight against the unjust regime. His fate stands as a representative testimony of Austrian military resistance.

Blog (EN) soldier Oskar Görz resistance in Innsbruck/Tyrol

6. The resistance group Messner-Maier-Caldonazzi

The resistance group around chaplain Heinrich Maier and industrialist Franz Josef Messner provided the U.S. intelligence agency OSS with detailed information on Nazi arms production in Austria from 1942 onward. At the request of the Allies, they also passed on factory locations to enable targeted airstrikes and avoid civilian casualties. The Gestapo uncovered the group in early 1944. Eight members were sentenced to death.

The Resistance Group Messner-Maier-Caldonazzi

Blog (EN) 22 Dr. Franz Josef Messner