<![CDATA["Nationalsozialismus in Hall in Tirol: NS-Widerstand, Verfolgung und Schicksale" - Verdross -Dr. Ernst -Biografie

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Dr. Ernst Verdross (Ger)

Dr. Ernst Verdross Edler von Drossberg – A Life of Service and Resilience

Photograph by Dr. Ernst Verdross (1950s). From the private historical photo archive of Mr. Stockhammer in Hall, Tyrol

Early Life and Family

Dr. Ernst Verdross Edler von Drossberg was born on February 3, 1892, in Innsbruck as the second son of General Ignaz Verdross Edler von Drossberg, a decorated Austro-Hungarian officer. His elder brother, Dr. Alfred Verdross (1890–1980), would later become a pioneering figure in international law, while Ernst pursued a path of public service and legal practice in Tyrol.

Education and World War I

After attending the Gymnasium in Rovereto (then part of Austria-Hungary), Ernst began studying law at the University of Vienna in 1912. His life was shaped by the motto:
"Justitia Regnorum Fundamentum"
("Justice is the foundation of kingdoms")
—a phrase engraved on Vienna’s Burgtor, which he witnessed embodying the fading grandeur of the Habsburg Empire. During World War I (1914–1918), he served as an officer, deeply affected by the collapse of the monarchy he had fought to defend.

Postwar Challenges and Public Service

Unlike his brother Alfred, who focused on academia, Ernst dedicated himself to local governance and legal administration in Hall in Tirol. Despite the turmoil of the First Austrian Republic (economic crises, political strife), he worked tirelessly to uphold the rule of law.

Resistance and Persecution

After the 1938 Anschluss, Ernst’s refusal to collaborate with the Nazi regime led to his brief imprisonment in Dachau (Prisoner #14354)—a fate shared by many Austrian patriots. Post-1945, he contributed to rebuilding Tyrol’s administrative structures.

Family and Career: Dr. Ernst Verdross Between Profession, Politics, and Academic Engagement

On August 15, 1919, Dr. Ernst Verdross married Bertholda Stolz (1897–1962) in Vienna. Nearly a year later, on June 7, 1920, he assumed the position of municipal and magistrate secretary in Hall in Tirol. The couple had three children: Hedwig, Heinrich, and Bertholde.
In 1922, Verdross reluctantly accepted the role of Stadthauptmann (city captain) of the Heimwehr Hall, a conservative paramilitary organization. However, by 1927, he resigned from this position, finding himself at odds with the Heimwehr’s political agenda. His resignation reflected his principled commitment to law and impartiality—values he held above partisan loyalties.

Academic Ties and Political Turmoil

Another defining chapter of his life was his connection to academia. In the summer semester of 1926, he was admitted to Unitas-Norica, a Catholic student fraternity in Innsbruck under the wider Unitas-Verband (UV). The political upheavals of the era left their mark here as well:
On March 15, 1934, the Austrian branch of the Unitas-Verband severed ties with its pan-German counterpart, establishing an independent Austrian association—a structure that endures to this day.
*(Source: *Unitas Heft 8/1963, pp. 31–32; U-H IV, 468.*)*

Austria in Crisis: Nazi Subversion and the Failure of National Unity (1933–1934)

The year 1933 marked a profound rupture in Austria’s history. The banning of the Social Democratic and Communist parties fractured the nation, weakening the very forces that might have resisted the rising tide of Nazism. This internal division proved disastrous—especially after the assassination of Chancellor Dr. Engelbert Dollfuss (1892–1934) in July 1934. A united front against the Nazi threat failed to materialize precisely when it was most desperately needed.

The Nazi Menace Before the Anschluss

Years before the 1938 annexation, the illegal Nazi Party operated openly in Austria. The radicalization was evident even in Hall in Tirol:

In 1933, saboteurs blew up the water pipeline supplying the Halltal industrial works, causing 50,000 schillings in damage.
A campaign of intimidation unfolded:
- Explosive paper bombs spread fear among civilians.
- Swastika graffiti and slogans like "We will prevail!" defaced public spaces.
- Provocations included hidden Nazi flags, cut-out swastika symbols, and nighttime signal firesarranged in Nazi formations.

Yet most of Hall’s citizens rejected these tactics. Public sentiment seemed firmly behind the Vaterländische Front (Patriotic Front)—making the authorities’ hesitant response all the more alarming. This failure of governance foreshadowed the catastrophes to come.

"March 12, 1938: The Night of Arrests – Dr. Ernst Verdross and Resistance Against Nazi Terror"

The night of March 11–12, 1938, marked a brutal turning point in Austria’s—and Hall’s—history. In a targeted operation, the Gestapo arrested the city’s opposition leaders, including Dr. Viktor Schumacher and numerous other regime opponents. Among those detained was Dr. Ernst Verdross, who—alongside Count Bernhard Stolberg zu Stolberg, DDr. Arthur Reisinger, Director Josef Egg, Dr. Manfred Mumelter, Dr. Matthias Pahle, Dipl.-Ing. Herbert Pichler, Ing. Richard Matt and Police Inspector Friedrich Corazza —was initially imprisoned in Hall’s municipal jail.

The photograph captures the barred windows of the old town prison, located inside Burg Hasegg. (2025) Private archive of K. Walder, Hall, Tyrol.

The Prison in Burg Hasegg

Few realize that Hall’s jail was located in the historic Burg Hasegg. As seen in the attached photo, the ground floor held five detention cells, with the jailer’s residence above. For the prisoners, this was where their nightmare began.

Ernst Verdross’ Account: A Night of Humiliation

In his Dachau concentration camp memoir, Verdross recounted the night’s horrors with chilling precision:
"The guard commander, visibly embarrassed, said: ›I can’t help it.‹ He opened the door to the police cell—normally reserved for vagrants and drunks. I stepped inside. The door closed behind me. For the first time in my life, I was imprisoned, stripped of freedom, and at the mercy of mortal enemies."
Inside, he found Police Inspector Friedrich Corazza, severely beaten:
"On the left [bunk] lay Inspector Corazza, his uniform torn, face swollen and bruised. He told me how a mob of SA men had ambushed and beaten him, tearing off his rank insignia. Yet despite this, his spirit remained unbroken."
After two hours of waiting, keys rattled, the door swung open, and two unknown officers ordered them out. This was only the beginning of their ordeal.
"That night was just the start of his imprisonment—later, he was deported to Dachau concentration camp, where he became Prisoner #14354."
*(Source: Elisabeth Walder, "KZ-Dachau Prisoner #14354")*

"Protective Custody Instead of Acquittal: The Deportation of Ernst Verdross to Dachau in 1938"

Immediately after the Anschluss of Austria in March 1938, the Nazi regime exploited fabricated criminal proceedings to systematically persecute political opponents, jurists, and police officials—including Dr. Ernst Verdross, Dr. Viktor Schumacher, and Friedrich Corazza, as historical documents confirm.

The Facade of Justice (March–July 1938)

During this period, a semblance of formal legal procedure was maintained: Regional courts initiated investigations, yet no final convictions were issued. Under normal circumstances, this should have led to the defendants' release. However, the Nazi system circumvented this legal obstacle through a sinister maneuver: Prisoners were simply handed over to the Gestapo, which imposed arbitrary "protective custody" (Schutzhaft).

From Courtrooms to Concentration Camps

For Ernst Verdross and approximately 60 other Tyrolean officials and civil servants, this had devastating consequences: They were deported to Dachau concentration camp without legal grounds. The judiciary had abandoned its duty to protect, becoming instead an instrument of terror.

Documentary Evidence

Case File: *LG Innsbruck Vr 1011/38 P*
- (Charges: Abuse of authority, etc.; dismissed under §109 of the Austrian Code of Criminal Procedure on July 6, 1938)
Innsbruck Regional Court: Entry log 1938, Vr (registry), unpaginated but marked for 1938.
- (The red "P" denotes political cases.)
Source: Email correspondence with Harald Stockhammer (February 28, 2024).

"Between Family and the Gestapo: Dr. Verdross' Struggle for Dignity After Dachau"

For many of those arrested, Dachau concentration camp marked only the beginning of prolonged suffering. Among the deportees were Dr. Ernst Verdross, Dr. Manfred Mumelter, Dipl.-Ing. Herbert Pichler, Friedrich Corazza, and Albin Rieger. When they were finally permitted to return in 1939, they were physically and psychologically broken - silent witnesses to Nazi atrocities.
Yet even after his release, Dr. Verdross remained a marked man. Under constant surveillance by authorities, he took an especially emotional step on June 4, 1940: he attended his five-year-old daughter's First Communion. This private moment of family joy would be brutally interrupted when Gestapo officer Heinrich Andergassen arrested him that same day and subjected him to a humiliating interrogation.
The reason? Verdross had refused to perform the Nazi salute. His response to the Gestapo thugs reveals much about his character:
"Because I consider this inappropriate for a Dachau survivor. Incidentally, known National Socialists greet me with 'Habe die Ehre' [traditional Austrian greeting]."
These words - documented in his Dachau memoir - show a man who maintained his dignity even in humiliation.
Sources:

Dachau Concentration Camp Memoir of Dr. Ernst Verdross
Dachau Prisoner Registry and Registration Card (Arolsen Archives)
Available online: [https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/10773877] (accessed August 10, 2025)

"June 1940: Gestapo Arbitrariness – Dr. Verdross' Second Arrest"

Arrest & Accusations
On June 16, 1940, Dr. Ernst Verdross was arrested again—this time on the personal initiative of Gestapo officer Heinrich Andergassen, who lived on the same street in Hall. The pretext? Verdross had decorated his windows for the Corpus Christi procession but not for Nazi celebrations. He later recorded the interrogation with sarcastic precision:
"Your child received First Communion unusually early." – "Yes."
"The celebration was conspicuously solemn." – "Yes."
"You photographed the procession." – "Yes."
"Is that forbidden?" I asked, relieved.
"No," came the reply, "but you didn’t decorate for our victories. Your children aren’t raised as National Socialists. Protective custody!"

Cell of the Defiant: Innsbruck Prison as a Meeting Point for Regime Opponents

In Innsbruck Police Prison, Verdross encountered a remarkable community: priests, counts, monarchists, and social democrats—all victims of Nazi terror. His wife learned through Prof. Egger (former religion teacher of Gauleiter Hofer) that the situation was "not dangerous." Even Andergassen played a double role: while ordering the arrest, he now acted "helpful."

Unbroken Despite Threats: Forced Recruitment into the Nazi Party?

With freedom came blackmail: Local Nazi leader Vinzenz Tollinger offered to resolve all "problems"—if Verdross joined the NSDAP. The terms were clear:

Any further church attendance would mean deportation back to Dachau.
Leaving the Catholic Church was strongly suggested.
Yet Verdross remained steadfast. Unbeknownst to him, Andergassen had pursued him without higher orders—a revelation that only emerged in 1945 Gestapo files.

Late Justice: The End of Perpetrator Andergassen

Heinrich Andergassen (1908–1946), who posed as a "friendly official," was arrested by U.S. forces in 1945. An Italian military tribunal sentenced him to death in 1946 for war crimes—a belated vindication for his victims.
(Sources: Verdross’ Dachau memoir; Innsbruck State Police records, June 1, 1945; blog "Anton Haller Resistance Group")

Dr. Ernst Verdross – May 4, 1945: A City Reborn

On May 4, 1945, the city of Solbad Hall surrendered without resistance to U.S. troops. In this hour of renewal, Dr. Ernst Verdross was reinstated as municipal secretary—the very position he had held before the 1938 Anschluss.
With tireless dedication, he took the helm of the city administration, working alongside local leaders to address the urgent challenges of the postwar era: rubble clearance, food shortages, and the reintegration of displaced persons. His experience and integrity proved indispensable for rebuilding the war-scarred city.

A Legacy Honored

In January 1958, a ceremonial retirement gathering was held for Dr. Verdross and other long-serving officials. The Haller Lokalanzeiger publicly lauded his exceptional contributions, noting:
"Through years of upheaval—from dictatorship to liberation—he served Hall with unshakable principle, guiding its rebirth with quiet dignity."

Photographs: Held in conical of the municipal city of Hall in Tyrol.

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